SKILL 2: RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS

In the Reading section of both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test, there may be questions about the organization of ideas in a passage. On the paper and the computer tests, you may be asked to determine how the ideas in one paragraph (or paragraphs) relate to the ideas in another paragraph (or paragraphs). On the computer TOEFL test, you may also see a question that asks you to click on the paragraph in a passage that contains certain ideas. Look at an example from the paper TOEFL test that asks you to determine how the information in the passage is organized.

ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	How is the information in the passage organized? How is the information in the second paragraph related to the information in the first paragraph?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of the appropriate paragraphs.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	1.       Read the first line of each paragraph. 2.       Look for words that show relationships among the paragraphs. 3.       Choose the answer that best expresses the relationship.

	The passage :
Line (5)  (10) (15)	If asked who invented the fame of baseball, most Americans would probably reply that it was their belief that Abner Doubleday did. They believe this because the story about Doubleday is part of the tradition of baseball. Doubleday was given credit for this invention early in the twentieth century when sporting-goods manufacturer Spaulding inaugurated a commission to research the question of who invented baseball. In 1908, a report was published by the commission in which Abner Doubleday, a U.S. Army      officer from Cooperstown, New York, was given credit for the invention of the game. The National Baseball Hall of Fame was established in Cooperstown in honor of Doubleday. Today, most sports historians are in agreement that Doubleday really did not have much to do with the development of baseball. Instead, baseball seems to be a close relative of the English game of rounders and probably has English rather than American roots.
	The question:
(A) (B) (C) (D)	In this passage an idea is presented and then refuted a concept is followed by examples a cause if followed by an effect a belief is supported with reasons The answer : A Look at the main idea in each paragraph. If you study the information in the first lines of the paragraphs, you can determine that the third paragraph contradicts or refutes the information that is presented in the first two paragraphs.

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