SKILL 7: ANSWER TRANSITION QUESTIONS CORRECTLY

TRANSITION QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	The paragraph preceding the passage probably … What is the most likely in the paragraph following the passage?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers can generally be found in the first line of the passage for a preceding question. The answer can generally be found in the last line for a following question.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	1.       Read the first line for a preceding question. 2.       Read the last line for a following question. 3.       Draw a conclusion about what comes before or after. 4.       Choose the answer that is reflected in the first or last line of the passage.

Example :

The passage:

Another myth of the oceans concerns Davy Jones, who in folklore is a mean-spirited sovereign of the ocean’s depths. The name “Jones” is thought by some etymologists to have been derived from the name “Jonah”, the Hebrew prophet who spent three days in a whale’s belly.

According to tradition, any object that goes overboard and sinks to the bottom of the ocean is said to have gone to Davy Jones’s locker, the ocean-sized, mythical receptacle for anything that falls into the water. Needless to say, any sailor on the seas is not so eager to take a tour of Davy Jones’s locker, although it might be a rather interesting trip considering all the treasures located there.

The question:

The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses

(A)   the youth of Davy Jones

(B)   Davy Jones’s career as a sailor

(C)   a different traditional story from the sea

(D)  preparing to travel on the ocean

The answer: C

For more information watch the next video...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=No77vrFrZ84

SKILL 6: ANSWER IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY

You will at some point be made a request to answer a various decision question about a perusing entry by making a determination from a particular detail or subtle elements in the section. Inquiries in this sort contain the words suggested, derived, likely, or most likely to let you that the response to the inquiry isn't straightforwardly expressed. In this sort of inquiries, comprehend that you don't need to "haul the appropriate response out of nowhere". Rather, some data will be given in the section, and you will make a determination from that data.

IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	It is implied in the passage that ….. It can be inferred from the passage that …. It is most likely that …. What probably happened ….?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers to these questions are generally found in order in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	1.       Choose a key word in the question 2.       Scan the passage for the key word (or a related idea) 3.       Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word 4.       Look for an answer that could be true, according to that sentence

Example :

The passage:

The Hawaiian language is a melodious language in which all words are derived from an alphabet of only twelve letters, the five vowels a, e, i, o, u and the seven consonants h, k, l, m, n, p, w. Each syllable in the language ends in a vowel, and two consonants never appear together, so vowels have a much higher frequency in the Hawaiian language than they do in English.

This musical-sounding language can be heard regularly by visitors to the islands. Most Hawaiian speak English, but it is quite common to hear English that is liberally spiced with words and expressions from the traditional language of the culture. A visitor may be greeted with the expression aloha and may be referred to as a malihini because he is a newcomer to the island. The visitor may attend an outside luau where everyone eats too much and be invited afterwards to dance hula.

The question:

Which of the following is probably NOT a Hawaiian word:

(A)   mahalo

(B)   mahimahi

(C)   meklea

(D)   moana

The answer: C

For more information watch the next video...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A1WCXR-EnA

SKILL 5: FIND PRONOUN REFERENTS

In the reading section of both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test, you will sometimes be asked to determine to which noun a pronoun refers. Pronoun reference questions are worded a bit differently on the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test; on the paper test, pronoun reference questions are click-on questions.

Either type of pronoun reference questions tests the same language skill. In a pronoun reference question, it is important to understand that a noun is generally used first in a passage, and the pronoun that refers to it comes after. Whenever you asked which noun a pronoun refers to , you should look before the pronoun to find the noun.

PRONOUN REFERENTS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	The pronoun “…” in line X refers to which of the following?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The line where the pronoun is located is given in the question. The noun that the pronoun refers to is generally found before the pronoun.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	1.       Locate the pronoun in the passage. 2.       Look before the pronoun for nouns that agree with the pronoun. 3.       Try each of the nouns in the context in place of the pronoun. 4.       Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.

	The passage :
Line (5)  (10)	Carnivorous plants, such as the sundew and the Venus-flytrap, are generally found in humid areas where there is an inadequate supply of nitrogen in the soil. In order to survive, these plantshave developed mechanisms to trap insects within their foliage. They have digestive fluids to obtain the necessary nitrogen from the insects. These plants trap the insects in a variety of ways. The sundew has sticky hairs on its leaves; when an insect lands on these leaves, it gets caught up in the sticky hairs, and the leaf wraps itself around the insect. The leaves of the Venus-flytrap function more like a trap, snapping suddenly and forcefully shut around an insect.
	The question:
(A) (B) (C) (D)	The pronoun They in line 5 refers to Humid areas. These plants. Insects. Digestive fluids. The answer : B, you should understand from the context that these plants have digestive fluids to obtain the necessary nitrogen from the insects, so the best answer to this question is answer B.

For more information watch the next video...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBGshXGJozE

SKILL 4: FIND “UNSTATED” DETAILS

You will sometimes be asked in the reading section of both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test to find an answer that is not stated or not mentioned or not true in the passage. This type of question really means that three of the answers are stated, mentioned, or true in the passage, while one answer is not.

You should note that there are two kinds of answers to this type of question: (1) there are three true answers and one that is not true according to the passage, or (2) there are three true answers and one that is not mentioned in the passage. Look at multiple-choice example from the paper TOEFL test that asks you to find the one answer that is not true.

“UNSTATED” DETAIL QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	Which of the following is not stated…? Which of the following is not mentioned…? Which of the following is not discussed…? All of the following are true except…
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	1.       Choose a key word in the question. 2.       Scan the appropriate place in the passage for the key word (or related idea). 3.       Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully. 4.       Look for the answers that are definitely true according to the passage. Eliminate those answers. 5.       Choose the answer that is not true or not discussed in the passage.

	The passage :
Line (5)    (10)	In English, there are many different kinds of expressions that people use to give a name to anything whose name is unknown or momentarily forgotten. The word gadget is one such word. It was first used by British sailors in the 1850s and probably came from the French word gachette, which was a small hook. In everyday use, the word has a more general meaning. Other words are also used to give a name to something unnamed or unknown, and these words tend to be somewhat imaginative. Some of the more commonly used expressions are a what-d’ye-call it, at whatsis, a thingamabob, a thingamajig, a doodad, or a doohickey.
	The question:
(A) (B) (C) (D)	Which of the following is NOT true about the word gadget? It is used to name something when the name is not known. It was used at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It most likely came from a word in the French language. Its first known use was by British sailors. The answer : B, the one answer that is not true: the passage states that the word “gadget”…was first used by British sailors in the 1850s, which is in the middle of the nineteenth century, so answer B is the best answer to this question.

For more information watch the next video...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOr4mtCxu4A

SKILL 3: ANSWER STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY

A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than the passage as a whole. The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the passage, and the correct answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage. This means that the correct answer often expresses the same idea as what is written in the passage, but the words are not exactly the same. The questions that test stated details are generally multiple-choice questions. On the computer test, there may also be a type of stated detail question that asks you to click on an appropriate drawing. Look at a multiple-choice example from the paper TOEFL test that asks about a stated detail from the passage.

STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION			According to the passage… It is stated in the passage… The passage indicates that… Which of the following is true..?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER			The answers to these questions are found in the passage.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION			1.       Choose a key word in the question. 2.       Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea. 3.       Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully. 4.       Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.
		The passage :
	Line (5)	Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia that was settled by English colonists in 1633, twenty-six years after the first permanent English colony in America was settled at Jamestown.  In the beginning, the colony at Williamsburg was named Middle Plantation because of its location in the middle of a peninsula between two rivers, the York and the James. The site for Williamsburg had been selected by the colonists because the soil drainage was better there than at the Jamestown location, and there were fewer mosquitoes.
		The question:
	(A) (B) (C) (D)	The passage indicates that Jamestown was settled in 1633 was settled twenty-six years after Williamsburg was the first permanent English colony in America was originally named Middle Plantation The answer : C, because the passage directly states that Jamestown was the first permanent English colony in America.

For more information watch the next video...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsMbzhw_wn4